Foreword

school integration, are arguments I do not find persuasive...

Then, from some cited examples, he apparently concludes that educators and white Americans will combine to discriminate against black Americans and the urban poor and see that there is inequality in the quality of their instruction and the education funds available to them.

A somewhat similar charge was made concerning Lincoln High School in San Diego before the Lindsley Committee in 1966. At that time I defended the quality of the instruction my son had had at that high school and pointed out that a higher percentage of Lincoln High students had graduated from Harvey Mudd College (Clairemont [sic]) in 1965 than from any other high school....

[Page 130 in Appendix I of Liberate Public Schools]

By coincidence, I too had graduated from my neighborhood school, Washington Junior High School, Pasadena, California, in 1931 with a large number of minority students, many of whom went on to college and successful careers.

Washington was in the Pasadena City School District, thereafter sued in state court by a black child to mandate it to allow him to transfer from Washington to another school he was unable to attend because of alleged racially gerrymandered school boundaries. The California Supreme Court, in Jackson v. Pasadena City School District, in 1963 reversed the lower court denial of a writ of mandate; and upon an issue presented only by two amici curiae, opined a duty upon school boards to take reasonably feasible steps to alleviate racial imbalance in schools “regardless of cause.” See Note, 51 Cal.L.Review 810. This dictum became California constitutional doctrine in the 1976 Crawford I ruling, upon which the “remedy” in Carlin was based.

The Pasadena Board of Education was later sued in U.S. District Court and found in 1970 to have allowed illegally segregated schools to exist. In the following course of court supervision, the federal trial judge imposed a condition that “at least during my lifetime there would be no majority of any minority in any school in Pasadena.” This condition, objected to by the Board as requiring annual reassignment of students, was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1976 in Pasadena City Bd. of Educ. v. Spangler. The lengthy Pasadena litigation is recited in Spangler v. Pasadena City
 

Jackson v. Pasadena City School Dist., 59 Cal.2d 876 (1963)
Pasadena, California
 

Carlin v. Board of Education, San Diego Unified School District,
San Diego Superior Court No. 303800 (1967-1998)
San Diego, California
 

Pasadena 

Pasadena City Bd. of Educ. v. Spangler, 427 U.S. 424 (1976)
Pasadena, California
 

Spangler v. Pasadena City Bd. of Ed., 611 F.2d 1239 (9th C.A., 1979)
Pasadena, California
 

— Handbook: Foreword, pages v - ix —